МФА |
Примери
|
---|
МФА: Англиски согласки
|
---|
p, pʰ
|
pen, spin, tip
| b
|
but, web
| t, tʰ[2] |
two, sting, bet
| d[3] |
do, odd
| tʃʰ
|
chair, nature, teach
| dʒ
|
gin, joy, edge
| k, kʰ
|
cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick
| ɡ
|
go, get, beg
| f
|
fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
| v
|
voice, have, of
| θ[4] |
thing, teeth
| ð[5] |
this, breathe, father
| s
|
see, city, pass
| z
|
zoo, rose
| ʃ
|
she, sure, emotion, leash
| ʒ
|
pleasure, beige, seizure
| x
|
Шкотски loch[6] | h
|
ham
| m
|
man, ham
| n
|
no, tin
| ŋ
|
ringer, sing,[7] finger, drink
| l, ɫ[8] |
left, bell
| ɹ, ɹʷ
|
run, very[9] | w
|
we, queen
| j
|
yes
| ʍ
|
what[10] |
|
---|
МФА: Маргинални гласови
|
---|
ʔ
|
uh-(ʔ)oh
|
|
МФА
|
Примери
|
---|
 AuE
|
 CaE
|
 GA
|
 IrE
|
 NZE
|
 RP
|
 ScE
|
 SAE
|
 WaE
|
компро- мис
|
Лексички збир
|
---|
МФА: Англиски самогласки
|
---|
æ, æː[11] |
æ
|
æ
|
|
ɛ
|
æ
|
a
|
|
a
|
æ
|
TRAP
|
lad, bad, cat[12] | aː
|
ɑ/ɒ
|
ɑ
|
ɑː
|
ɐː
|
ɑː
|
|
aː
|
ɑː
|
PALM
|
father
| ɔ
|
ɑ
|
ɒ
|
ɒ
|
ɔ
|
|
ɒ
|
ɒ
|
LOT
|
not, wasp
| oː
|
ɔ
|
ɔː
|
oː
|
ɔː
|
|
ɒː
|
ɔː
|
THOUGHT
|
law, caught[13], all, halt, talk
| ə
|
ə
|
ə
|
|
ɘ
|
ə
|
ə
|
|
ə
|
ə
|
COMMA
|
about
| ɨ
|
ɨ
|
|
ɪ
|
ɨ
|
ɨ
|
ɨ
|
English
| ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
|
ɪ
|
ɪ
|
KIT
|
sit
| i
|
i
|
i
|
|
i
|
i
|
i
|
|
iː
|
i
|
HAPPY
|
city
| iː
|
iː
|
iː
|
iː
|
|
iː
|
FLEECE
|
see
| eː
|
meat
| æɪ
|
eɪ/e
|
eɪ
|
æe
|
eɪ
|
e
|
|
eː
|
eɪ
|
FACE
|
date
| ei
|
day, pain, whey, rein
| e
|
ɛ
|
ɛ
|
ɛ
|
e
|
ɛ
|
ɛ
|
|
ɛ
|
ɛ
|
DRESS
|
bed[14] | ɜː(ɹ)
|
ɝ/ɹ̩
|
ɝ/ɹ̩
|
ʌɾ[15] |
ɵː(ɹ)
|
ɜː(ɹ)
|
ʌɾ[15] |
|
ɜː(ɾ)
|
ɜr
|
NURSE
|
burn
| ɛɾ[15] |
ɛɾ[15] |
herd, earth
| ɪɾ[15] |
ɪɾ[15] |
bird
| aː(ɹ)
|
ɑɹ
|
ɑɹ
|
|
ɐː(ɹ)
|
ɑː(ɹ)
|
aɾ
|
|
aː(ɾ)
|
ɑr
|
START
|
arm, car
| a
|
ʌ
|
ʌ
|
ɔ, ʊ
|
ɐ
|
ʌ
|
ʌ
|
|
ɜ
|
ʌ
|
STRUT
|
run, won, flood
| ʊ
|
ʊ
|
ʊ
|
ʊ
|
ʊ
|
ʉ
|
|
ʊ
|
ʊ
|
FOOT
|
put
| uː
|
hood
| ʉː
|
u
|
u
|
ʉː
|
uː
|
|
uː
|
uː
|
GOOSE
|
soon, through
| ə(ɹ)
|
ɚ/ɹ̩
|
ɚ/ɹ̩
|
|
ɘ(ɹ)
|
ə(ɹ)
|
əɾ
|
|
ə(ɾ)
|
ər
|
LETTER
|
winner[16] | ɑe
|
aɪ, ʌɪ[17] |
aɪ, ʌɪ
|
ɔɪ
|
ɑe
|
aɪ
|
aɪ
|
|
ai
|
aɪ
|
PRICE
|
my, wise, high
| oɪ
|
ɔɪ
|
ɔɪ
|
|
oe
|
ɔɪ
|
oi
|
|
ɒi
|
ɔɪ
|
CHOICE
|
boy, hoist
| əʉ
|
oʊ/o
|
oʊ
|
oː
|
ɐʉ
|
əʊ
|
o
|
|
oː
|
oʊ
|
GOAT
|
no, toe, soap
| ou
|
tow, soul, roll, cold, folk
| æɔ
|
aʊ, ʌʊ[17] |
aʊ
|
|
æo
|
aʊ
|
aʊ
|
|
au
|
aʊ
|
MOUTH
|
now, trout
| jʉː
|
(j)u
|
(j)u
|
juː
|
jʉː
|
juː
|
jʉ
|
|
ɪu
|
juː
|
-
|
cute, few, dew
| ɪə(ɹ)
|
ɪɹ
|
ɪɹ
|
|
iə(ɹ)
|
ɪə(ɹ)
|
iɾ
|
|
ɪə(ɾ)
|
ɪər
|
NEAR
|
deer, here
| eː(ɹ)
|
ɛɹ
|
ɛɹ
|
|
eə(ɹ)
|
eə(ɹ)[18] |
eɾ
|
|
ɛː(ɾ)
|
ɛər
|
SQUARE
|
mare, there, bear
| oː(ɹ)
|
ɔɹ
|
ɔɹ
|
ɑɾ
|
oː(ɹ)
|
ɔː(ɹ)
|
ɔɾ
|
|
ɒː(ɾ)
|
ɔr
|
NORTH
|
sort, warm
| oɹ, ɔɹ
|
oːɾ
|
oɾ
|
oː(ɾ)
|
ɔər
|
FORCE
|
tore, boar, port
| ʊə(ɹ), ʉːə(ɹ)
|
ʊɹ
|
ʊɹ
|
|
ʊɐ(ɹ), ʉːə(ɹ)
|
ʊə(ɹ)[19] |
uɾ
|
|
ʊə(ɾ)
|
ʊər
|
CURE
|
tour, lure
| jʊə(ɹ), jʉːə(ɹ)
|
jʊɹ, jɝ
|
jʊɹ, jɝ
|
|
jʊɐ(ɹ), jʉːə(ɹ)
|
jʊə(ɹ), jɔ:(ɹ)
|
juɾ
|
|
ɪʊə(ɾ)
|
jʊər
|
-
|
pure, Europe
|  AuE
|
 CaE
|
 GA
|
 IrE
|
 NZE
|
 RP
|
 ScE
|
 SAE
|
 WaE
|
компро- мис
|
Лексички збир
|
Примери
|
---|
|