Википедија

Список на најтопли ѕвезди

список на статии на Викимедија

Ова е список на најтоплите ѕвезди досега откриени (со исклучок на дегенерираните ѕвезди), подредени со намалување на температурата. Вклучени се ѕвездите со температури повисоки од 60.000 К.

Список

уреди

 

Име на ѕвездата Ефективна температура (К) Маса

(M☉) 		Сјајност

(L☉) 		Спектрален тип Оддалеченост

(светлосни години) 		Наводи
WR 102 200,000 16.1 380,000 WO2 8,610[1] [2][3]
WR 142 200,000 28.6 912,000 WO2 5,400 [3]
LMC195-1 200,000 257,000 WO2 ~160,000 [4]
BAT99-123 170,000 7.7 158,000 WO3 ~160,000 [5]
WR 93b 160,000 8.1 110,000 WO3 7,470[1] [3]
[HC2007] 31 160,000? WO3 12,886,000 [6]
BAT99-53 A 158,000 13 224,000 WC4 ~160,000 [7]
BAT99-7 158,000 25 692,000 WN4b ~160,000 [8]
IC 1613 DR1 150,000 20 480,000 WO3 ~2,380,000 [9]
LH41-1042 150,000 8.4 182,000 WO4 ~160,000 [5]
BAT99-2 141,000 13 234,000 WN2 ~160,000 [8]
BAT99-94 141,000 24 631,000 WN3 ~160,000 [8]
WR 2 141,000 16 282,000 WN2 7,830[1]
AB8 141,000 19 1,413,000 WO4 ~197,000 [5]
BA 1-458 140,000 28.1 776,000 WO4 2,500,000 [10]
WR 9 (WR) 139,700 9 501,000 WC4 14,900[1]
WR 30a (WR) 129,500 7.5-9.7 195,000 WO4 25,340 [11]
WR 38 126,000 10.4 724,000[12] WC4 19,700[12] [3]
WR 142a 125,000 7.9 110,000 WC8 5,900[12] [13]
BAT99-128 112,000 14 275,000 WN3 ~160,000 [8]
WR 1 112,000 27 759,000 WN4-s 10,300[1] [14]
WR 18 112,000 38 1,288,000 WN4-s 12,500[1] [14]
WR 46 112,000 14 263,000 WN3pw 13,000
WR 7 112,000 13 214,000 WN4-s 14,000 [14]
WR 144 112,000 9.9 159,000 WC4 5,710[1] [3]
WR 52 112,000 8.5 117,000 WC4 5,710[1] [3]
AB7 105,000 23 1,259,000 WN4 ~197,000 [15]
BAT99-24 100,000 17 347,000 WN4b ~160,000 [8]
WR 37 100,000 34 1,122,000 WN4-s 21,900[12]
NGC 6822-WR 12 100,000 36 1,288,000 WN4 ~1,631,000 [10]
Гама Едро (WR) 90,000 9 204,000 WC8 1,100 [16]
BAT99-1 89,100 12 200,000 WN3b ~160,000 [8]
EZ CMa 89,100 23 617,000 WN4-s 5,900[се бара извор] [17]
WR 36 89,100 12 200,000 WN5-s 17,700[1] [14]
WR 111 89,100 13 245,000 WC5 5,320[1] [3]
WR 150 89,100 24.8 724,000 WC5 28,500[1] [3]
BAT99-3 79,400 16 324,000 WN4b ~160,000 [8]
WR 19 A 79,400 400,000 WC5d 14,000[1] [18][19]
WR 44 79,400 18 417,000 WN4-w 19,800[1] [14]
WR 58 79,400 8.4 89,100 WN4/WCE 19,700[1] [3]
BAT99-37 79,400 19 447,000 WN3o 160,000 [8]
WR 45 79,400 14.1 282,000 WC6 13,900[1] [3]
BAT99-26 70,800 18 417,000 WN4b ~160,000 [8]
BAT99-35 70,800 24 398,000 WN3(h) ~160,000 [8]
BAT99-86 70,800 12 427,000 WN3(h) ~160,000 [8]
WR 136 70,800 15 260,000 WN6(h)-s 6,290[1]
WR 75 63,100 18 389,000 WN6-s 10,800[1] [14]
WR 134 63,100 19 400,000 WN6-s 6,000 [14]
WR 60 63,100 23 631,000 WC8 11,500[1] [3]
WR 149 63,100 14 269,000 WN5-s 15,900[1] [14]

Погледнете повеќе

уреди

Наводи

уреди
  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 „Wolf-Rayet Star Catalogue“. pacrowther.staff.shef.ac.uk. Посетено на 2021-05-28.
  2. ↑ Sander, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Todt, H. (2012). „The Galactic WC stars“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: A144. arXiv:1201.6354. Bibcode:2012A&A...540A.144S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117830.
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 Sander, A. A. C.; Hamann, W.-R.; Todt, H.; Hainich, R.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-01-01). „The Galactic WC and WO stars. The impact of revised distances from Gaia DR2 and their role as massive black hole progenitors“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 621: A92. arXiv:1807.04293. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833712. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ↑ Massey, Philip (2014). „A modern search for Wolf–Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds: First results“. The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 83. arXiv:1404.7441. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...83M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/83.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Tramper, F.; Straal, S. M.; Sanyal, D.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Vink, J. S.; De Mink, S. E. (2015). „Massive stars on the verge of exploding: The properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A110. arXiv:1507.00839. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A.110T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425390.
  6. ↑ Hadfield, L. J.; Crowther, P. A. (October 2007). „A survey of the Wolf-Rayet population of the barred, spiral galaxy NGC 1313“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (англиски). 381 (1): 418–432. arXiv:0708.2039. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..418H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12284.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ↑ Ramachandran, V.; Hamann, W.-R.; Hainich, R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Shenar, T.; Sander, A. A. C.; Todt, H.; Gallagher, J. S. (2018-07-01). „Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC. II. Parameters of the OB and WR stars, and the total massive star feedback“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615: A40. arXiv:1802.07494. Bibcode:2018A&A...615A..40R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832816. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W.-R. (May 2014). „The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. A comprehensive analysis of the WN class“. Astronomy and Astrophysics (англиски). 565: A27. arXiv:1401.5474. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ↑ Tramper, F.; Gräfener, G.; Hartoog, O. E.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Vink, J. S.; Ellerbroek, L. E.; Langer, N.; Garcia, M. (2013). „On the nature of WO stars: A quantitative analysis of the WO3 star DR1 in IC 1613“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 559: A72. arXiv:1310.2849. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A..72T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322155.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Abbott, Jay Brian (2004). „Quantitative spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars in local group galaxies“. Ph.D. Thesis (англиски). Bibcode:2004PhDT.......161A.
  11. ↑ Nugis, T.; Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (2000). „Mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 360: 227. Bibcode:2000A&A...360..227N.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Rate, Gemma; Crowther, Paul A. (2020-03-01). „Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 - I. Distances and absolute magnitudes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (1): 1512–1529. arXiv:1912.10125. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.1512R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3614. ISSN 0035-8711.
  13. ↑ Pasquali, A.; Comerón, F.; Gredel, R.; Torra, J.; Figueras, F. (2002-12-01). „A new Wolf-Rayet star in Cygnus“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 396 (2): 533–538. arXiv:astro-ph/0210179. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..533P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021373. ISSN 0004-6361.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 14,5 14,6 14,7 Hamann, W.-R.; Gräfener, G.; Liermann, A.; Hainich, R.; Sander, A. A. C.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-05-01). „The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 625: A57. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. ISSN 0004-6361.
  15. ↑ Shenar, T.; Hainich, R.; Todt, H.; Sander, A.; Hamann, W.-R.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Eldridge, J. J.; Pablo, H.; Oskinova, L. M. (2016). „Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1604: A22. arXiv:1604.01022. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..22S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527916.
  16. ↑ Crowther, Paul A.; Barlow, M. J.; Royer, P.; Hillier, D. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Morris, P. W.; Wesson, R. (2024-02-01). „Oxygen abundance of γ Vel from [O III] 88 μm Herschel/PACS spectroscopy“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 528 (2): 2026–2039. arXiv:2310.15170. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.528.2026C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae145. ISSN 0035-8711.
  17. ↑ Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). „The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. A57: 625. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850.
  18. ↑ Paul Crowther. „Galactic Wolf Rayet Catalogue“. Посетено на 2021-05-27.
  19. ↑ Lau, Ryan M.; Eldridge, J. J.; Hankins, Matthew J.; Lamberts, Astrid; Sakon, Itsuki; Williams, Peredur M. (2020-07-01). „Revisiting the Impact of Dust Production from Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries“. The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): 74. arXiv:2006.08695. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898...74L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9cb5. ISSN 0004-637X.
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