Мирча Елијаде: Разлика помеѓу преработките

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Елијаде бил три седмици во ќелија во штабот на ''[[Сигуранта Статулуи]]'', во обид да потпише "изјава за раздружување" од Железна гарда, но тој одбил.<ref name="Ornea, p.209">Ornea, p.209</ref> Во август бил префрлен во привремениот камп во [[Миеркуреа-Чиук]]. Кога во октомври 1938 година почнал да кашла крв, бил одведен во клиниката [[Мороени]].<ref name="Ornea, p.209"/> Бил пуштен на 12 ноември, и времето го минувал пишувајќи ја драмата ''Ифигенија''.<ref name="aoamniotica"/> Во април 1940 година, со помош на [[Александру Розети]], станал културно аташе во [[Британското кралство]], местото било укинато кога романско-британските односи биле прекинати.<ref name="Ornea, p.209"/>
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After leaving London he was assigned the office of Counsel and [[Press secretary|Press Officer]] (later Cultural Attaché) to the Romanian Embassy in [[Portugal]],<ref name="pcommare"/><ref>''Biografie'', in Handoca; Nastasă, p.442</ref><ref name="cavrcitim">[[Cătălin Avramescu]], [http://www.dilemaveche.ro/index.php?nr=135&cmd=articol&id=3508 "Citim una, înţelegem alta" ("We Read One Thing and Understand Another")], in ''[[Dilema Veche]]'', Vol. III, August 2006; retrieved January 28, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref><ref name="mlimpost">[[Michael Löwy]], [http://assr.revues.org/document3128.html Review of Daniel Dubuisson, ''Impostures et pseudo-science. L'œuvre de Mircea Eliade''], in [http://assr.revues.org/ ''Archives de Science Sociale et Religion''], 132 (2005) {{fr icon}}; retrieved January 22, 2008</ref> where he was kept on as diplomat by the [[National Legionary State]] (the Iron Guard government) and, ultimately, by [[Ion Antonescu]]'s regime. His office involved disseminating propaganda in favor of the Romanian state.<ref name="pcommare"/> In February 1941, weeks after the bloody [[Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom|Legionary Rebellion]] was crushed by Antonescu, ''Iphigenia'' was staged by the [[National Theater Bucharest]]—the play soon raised doubts that it owed inspiration to the Iron Guard's ideology, and even that its inclusion in the program was a Legionary attempt at subversion.<ref name="aoamniotica"/>
 
AfterОткако leavingзаминал Londonод heондон, wasбил assignedпреместен the office of Counsel andкако [[Pressсекретар secretary|Pressза Officerпечат]] (laterподона Culturalкултурно Attachéаташе) toво theроманската Romanianамбасада Embassy inво [[PortugalПортугалија]],<ref name="pcommare"/><ref>''Biografie'', in Handoca; Nastasă, p.442</ref><ref name="cavrcitim">[[Cătălin Avramescu]], [http://www.dilemaveche.ro/index.php?nr=135&cmd=articol&id=3508 "Citim una, înţelegem alta" ("We Read One Thing and Understand Another")], in ''[[Dilema Veche]]'', Vol. III, August 2006; retrieved January 28, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref><ref name="mlimpost">[[Michael Löwy]], [http://assr.revues.org/document3128.html Review of Daniel Dubuisson, ''Impostures et pseudo-science. L'œuvre de Mircea Eliade''], in [http://assr.revues.org/ ''Archives de Science Sociale et Religion''], 132 (2005) {{fr icon}}; retrieved January 22, 2008</ref> whereкаде heшто wasбил keptкако onдипломат as diplomat by theна [[Nationalдржавната LegionaryЖелезна Stateгарда]] (theи Ironод Guardрежимот government) and, ultimately, byна [[IonЈон AntonescuАнтонеску]]'s regime. HisНеговата officeканцеларија involvedширела disseminatingпропаганда propagandaво in favor ofкорист theна Romanianрумунската stateдржава.<ref name="pcommare"/> InВо Februaryфевруари 1941 година, weeksнеколку afterседмици theпо bloodyкрвавата [[Legionnaires'Бунт rebellionна andгардата и погром Bucharestво pogromБукурешт|Legionaryбунтот Rebellionна гардата]] wasсузбиена crushedод by AntonescuАнтонеску, ''Iphigenia'' was staged by theво [[NationalНационаниот Theaterтеатар Bucharestво Букурешт]]—the playбила soonпоставена raised''Ифигенија'' doubts thatпиесата itнаскоро owedпоттикнала inspirationсомнежи toдека theе Ironинспириана Guard'sод ideology,идеологијата andна evenЖелезната thatгарда itsи inclusionдека inнејзиното поставување theна programпрограма wasе aобид Legionaryна attemptгардата atза subversionсубверзија.<ref name="aoamniotica"/>
In 1942, Eliade authored a volume in praise of the ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'', established in Portugal by [[António de Oliveira Salazar]],<ref name="mlimpost"/><ref name="mesalaz">Eliade, ''Salazar'', in "Eliade despre Salazar" ("Eliade on Salazar"), ''[[Evenimentul Zilei]]'', October 13, 2002</ref><ref>Ellwood, p.90</ref> claiming that "The Salazarian state, a Christian and [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] one, is first and foremost based on love".<ref name="mesalaz"/> On July 7 of the same year, he was received by Salazar himself, who assigned Eliade the task of warning Antonescu to withdraw the [[Romanian Army]] from the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] ("[In his place], I would not be grinding it in [[Russia]]").<ref name="in Handoca">Eliade, in Handoca</ref> Eliade also claimed that such contacts with the leader of a neutral country had made him the target for [[Gestapo]] surveillance, but that he had managed to communicate Salazar's advice to [[Mihai Antonescu]], Romania's [[List of Romanian Foreign Ministers|Foreign Minister]].<ref name="rossfriesian"/><ref name="in Handoca"/>
 
Во 1942 година, Елијаде пишува книга во која ја фали ''[[Нова држава(Португалија)|новата држава]]'', воспоставена во Португалија од [[Антонио де Оливеира Салазар]],<ref name="mlimpost"/><ref name="mesalaz">Eliade, ''Salazar'', in "Eliade despre Salazar" ("Eliade on Salazar"), ''[[Evenimentul Zilei]]'', October 13, 2002</ref><ref>Ellwood, p.90</ref> изјаснувајќи се дека "Салазаровата држава, христијнството и [[Тоталитаризам|тоталитаризмот]] се засноваат на љубов".<ref name="mesalaz"/> На 7 јули истата година, бил примен лично од Салазар, кој пак го задолжил Елијаде да го предупреди Антонеску да ја повлече [[романската армија]] од [[Источен фронт(Втора светска војна)|Источниот фронт]] ("[Да сум на негово место], не би бил алчен за [[Русија]]").<ref name="in Handoca">Eliade, in Handoca</ref> Елијаде тврдел дека, поради контактот со лидерот на таа неутрална земја, бил под надзор на [[Гестапо]], но дека успеал Салазаровиот совет да му го пренесе на [[Михаи Антонеску]], романскиот [[Список на романски министри за надворешни работи|министер за надворешни работи]].<ref name="rossfriesian"/><ref name="in Handoca"/>
In autumn 1943, he traveled to [[German occupation of France during World War II|occupied France]], where he rejoined [[Emil Cioran]], also meeting with scholar [[Georges Dumézil]] and the [[Collaborationism|collaborationist]] writer [[Paul Morand]].<ref name="pcommare"/> At the same time, he applied for a position of lecturer at the [[University of Bucharest]], but withdrew from the race, leaving [[Constantin Noica]] and [[Ion Zamfirescu]] to dispute the position, in front of a panel of academics comprising [[Lucian Blaga]] and [[Dimitrie Gusti]] (Zamfirescu's eventual selection, going against Blaga's recommendation, was to be the topic of a controversy).<ref>Nastasă, p.442–443</ref> In his private notes, Eliade wrote that he took no further interest in the office, because his visits abroad had convinced him that he had "something great to say", and that he could not function within the confines of "a minor culture".<ref name="pcommare"/> Also during the war, Eliade traveled to [[Berlin]], where he met and conversed with controversial political theorist [[Carl Schmitt]],<ref name="vilasanjpaseo"/><ref name="pcommare"/> and frequently visited [[Spain under Franco|Francoist Spain]], where he notably attended the 1944 Lusitano-Spanish scientific congress in [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].<ref name="pcommare"/><ref name="jgspania">Joaquín Garrigós, [http://www.dilemaveche.ro/index.php?nr=191&cmd=articol&id=6740 "Pasiunea lui Mircea Eliade pentru Spania" ("Mircea Eliade's Passion for Spain")], in ''[[Dilema Veche]]'', Vol. IV, October 2007; retrieved January 21, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref><ref name="aoopium">[[Andrei Oişteanu]], [http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?nr=2007-05-11&art=3719 "Mircea Eliade, de la opium la amfetamine" ("Mircea Eliade, from Opium to Amphetamines")], in ''[[22 (magazine)|22]]'', Nr. 896, May 2007; retrieved January 17, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref> It was during his trips to Spain that Eliade met philosophers [[José Ortega y Gasset]] and [[Eugeni d'Ors]]. He maintained a friendship with d'Ors, and met him again on several occasions after the war.<ref name="jgspania"/>
 
Во есента 1943 година, отпатувал во [[Германска окупација на Франција за време на Втората светска војна|окупирана Франција]], каде што му се придружил на [[Емил Сиоран]], се среќавал со [[Жорж Димезил]] и со [[Колаборационизам|колаборационистичкиот]] писател [[Пол Моран]].<ref name="pcommare"/> Тогаш се пријавил за лектор на [[Универзитет во Букурешт|Универзитетот во Букурешт]], но отпаднал од трката оставајќи ги [[Константин Ноика]] и [[Ион Зафиреску]] да се борат за тоа работно место.<ref>Nastasă, p.442–443</ref> Во своите лични белешки Елијаде напишал дека не се интересирал веќе за тоа место зашто по патувањата во странство бил убеден дека има "нешто значајно да каже" и дека не може да функционира ограничен од една "минорна културa".<ref name="pcommare"/> За време на војната, Елијаде патувал во [[Берлин]], каде што го запознал контроверзниот политички теоретичар [[Карл Шмит]],<ref name="vilasanjpaseo"/><ref name="pcommare"/> и често ја посетувал [[Шпанија во време на Франко|франкистичка Шпанија]], каде што во 1944 година присуствувал на научен конгрес во [[Кордоба, Шпанија|Кордоба]].<ref name="pcommare"/><ref name="jgspania">Joaquín Garrigós, [http://www.dilemaveche.ro/index.php?nr=191&cmd=articol&id=6740 "Pasiunea lui Mircea Eliade pentru Spania" ("Mircea Eliade's Passion for Spain")], in ''[[Dilema Veche]]'', Vol. IV, October 2007; retrieved January 21, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref><ref name="aoopium">[[Andrei Oişteanu]], [http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?nr=2007-05-11&art=3719 "Mircea Eliade, de la opium la amfetamine" ("Mircea Eliade, from Opium to Amphetamines")], in ''[[22 (magazine)|22]]'', Nr. 896, May 2007; retrieved January 17, 2008 {{ro icon}}</ref> За време на тие патувања во Шпанија, Елијаде ги запознал филозофите [[Хозе Ортега и Гасет]] и [[Еугени д’Орс]]. Се спријателил со Д’Орс и се сретнал неколкупати со него по војната.<ref name="jgspania"/>
Nina Eliade fell ill with [[uterine cancer]] and died during their stay in [[Lisbon]], in late 1944. As the widower later wrote, the disease was probably caused by an [[abortion]] procedure she had undergone at an early stage of their relationship.<ref name="pcommare"/> He came to suffer with [[clinical depression]], which increased as Romania and her [[Axis Powers|Axis]] allies suffered major defeats on the Eastern Front.<ref name="pcommare"/><ref name="aoopium"/> Contemplating a return to Romania as a soldier or a [[monk]],<ref name="pcommare"/> he was on a continuous search for effective [[antidepressant]]s, medicating himself with [[passion flower]] extract, and, eventually, with [[methamphetamine]].<ref name="aoopium"/> This was probably not his first experience with drugs: vague mentions in his notebooks have been read as indication that Mircea Eliade was taking [[opium]] during his travels to [[Calcutta]].<ref name="aoopium"/> Later, discussing the works of [[Aldous Huxley]], Eliade wrote that the British author's use of [[mescaline]] as a source of inspiration had something in common with his own experience, indicating 1945 as a date of reference and adding that it was "needless to explain why that is".<ref name="aoopium"/>
 
Nina Eliade fell ill with [[uterine cancer]] and died during their stay in [[Lisbon]], in late 1944. As the widower later wrote, the disease was probably caused by an [[abortion]] procedure she had undergone at an early stage of their relationship.<ref name="pcommare"/> He came to suffer with [[clinical depression]], which increased as Romania and her [[Axis Powers|Axis]] allies suffered major defeats on the Eastern Front.<ref name="pcommare"/><ref name="aoopium"/> Contemplating a return to Romania as a soldier or a [[monk]],<ref name="pcommare"/> he was on a continuous search for effective [[antidepressant]]s, medicating himself with [[passion flower]] extract, and, eventually, with [[methamphetamine]].<ref name="aoopium"/> This was probably not his first experience with drugs: vague mentions in his notebooks have been read as indication that Mircea Eliade was taking [[opium]] during his travels to [[Calcutta]].<ref name="aoopium"/> Later, discussing the works of [[Aldous Huxley]], Eliade wrote that the British author's use of [[mescaline]] as a source of inspiration had something in common with his own experience, indicating 1945 as a date of reference and adding that it was "needless to explain why that is".<ref name="aoopium"/>
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