Хиперхолестеролемија: Разлика помеѓу преработките

За намалување на вкупниот холестерол и LDL холестеролот кај возрасни се препорачува намалување на внесот на заситени масти со храната. <ref name=Hooper>{{cite journal |author=Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, et al. |title=Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=5 |issue= |pages=CD002137 |year=2012 |pmid=22592684 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002137.pub3 |editor1-last=Hooper |editor1-first=Lee}}</ref> Кај лица со многу високи нивоа на холестерол (пр. фамилијарна хиперхолестеролемија), диетата обично не е доволна за да се намали нивото на холестерол и вкупните масти. Во овие случаи често се потребни лекови кои ја намалуваат продукцијата и апсорпцијата на холестерол. <ref name=Ito2011>{{cite journal |author=Ito MK, McGowan MP, Moriarty PM |title=Management of familial hypercholesterolemias in adult patients: recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia |journal=J Clin Lipidol |volume=5 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=S38–45 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21600528 |doi=10.1016/j.jacl.2011.04.001 |url=}}</ref> Доколку е неопходно, се изведуваат други терапевтски зафати, како LDL [[афереза]] или хируршки постапки.<ref name = Ito2011/>

 

 

Although hypercholesterolemia itself is [[asymptomatic]], longstanding elevation of serum cholesterol can lead to [[atherosclerosis]].<ref name="BMJ2008">{{cite journal |author=Bhatnagar D, Soran H, Durrington PN |title=Hypercholesterolaemia and its management |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |issue= |pages=a993 |year=2008 |pmid=18719012 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.a993|url=}}</ref> Over a period of decades, chronically elevated serum cholesterol contributes to formation of [[atheroma|atheromatous plaques]] in the arteries. This can lead to progressive [[stenosis]] (narrowing) or even complete [[Vascular occlusion|occlusion]] (blockage) of the involved arteries. Alternatively smaller plaques may rupture and cause a clot to form and obstruct blood flow.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Finn AV, Nakano M, Narula J, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R |title=Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=1282–92 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20554950 |doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.179739 |url=}}</ref> A sudden occlusion of a coronary artery results in a [[myocardial infarction]] or heart attack. An occlusion of an artery supplying the brain can cause a [[stroke]]. If the development of the stenosis or occlusion is gradual blood supply to the tissues and organs slowly diminishes until organ function becomes impaired. At this point that tissue [[ischemia]] (restriction in blood supply) may manifest as specific [[symptom]]s. For example, temporary ischemia of the brain (commonly referred to as a [[transient ischemic attack]]) may manifest as temporary loss of vision, [[dizziness]] and impairment of [[equilibrioception|balance]], [[aphasia]] (difficulty speaking), [[paresis]] (weakness) and [[paresthesia]] (numbness or tingling), usually on one side of the body. Insufficient blood supply to the heart may manifest as [[angina pectoris|chest pain]], and ischemia of the eye may manifest as [[amaurosis fugax|transient visual loss in one eye]]. Insufficient blood supply to the legs may manifest as [[claudication|calf pain when walking]], while in the intestines it may present as [[Abdominal angina|abdominal pain after eating a meal]].<ref name=Durrington/><ref name=Grundy1998>{{cite journal |last1=Grundy |first1=SM |last2=Balady |first2=GJ |last3=Criqui|first3=MH |last5=Greenland |first5=P |last6=Hiratzka |first6=LF |last7=Houston-Miller |first7=N |last8=Kris-Etherton |first8=P |last9=Krumholz |first9=HM |title=Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: guidance from Framingham: a statement for healthcare professionals from the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction. American Heart Association |journal=[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]] |volume=97 |issue=18 |pages=1876–87 |year=1998 |pmid=9603549 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/97/18/1876 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.1876 |last4=Fletcher |first4=G |last10=Larosa |first10=J. |last11=Ockene |first11=I. S. |last12=Pearson |first12=T. A. |last13=Reed |first13=J. |last14=Washington |first14=R. |last15=Smith |first15=S. C. }}</ref>