Николај Басов: Разлика помеѓу преработките

{{Infobox scientist

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| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|12|14|df=y}}

| death_date = {{death date and age|2001|7|1|1922|12|14|df=y}}

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Basov was born in the town [[Usman (town)|Usman]], now in [[Lipetsk Oblast]] in 1922.<ref name=AC /> He finished school in 1941 in [[Voronezh]], and was later called for the military service at [[Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy]]. In 1943 he left academy and served in the [[Red Army]]<ref name=AC /> participating in the [[Second World War]] with the [[1st Ukrainian Front]].

 

Basov graduated from [[Moscow Engineering Physics Institute]] (MEPhI) in 1950. He then held a professorship at MEPhI and also worked in the [[Lebedev Physical Institute]] (LPI), where defended a dissertation for the ''[[Candidate of Sciences]]'' degree (equivalent to [[PhD]]) in 1953 and a dissertation for the ''[[Doctor of Sciences]]'' degree in 1956. Basov was the Director of the LPI in 1973–1988. He was elected as [[corresponding member]] of the [[USSR Academy of Sciences]] ([[Russian Academy of Sciences]] since 1991) in 1962 and [[academician|Full Member]] of the Academy in 1966. In 1967, he was elected a Member of the Presidium of the Academy (1967—1990), and since 1990 he was the councillor of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was Honorary President and Member of the [[International Academy of Science, Munich]].<ref>http://www.ias-icsd.org/resources/ICSD-IAS-Founding-Members-1989.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.ias-icsd.org/history.html</ref> He was the head of the laboratory of quantum radiophysics at the LPI until his death in 2001.<ref name=i-lasers/>

 

Basov's contributions to the development of the laser and maser, which won him the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1964, led to new missile defense initiatives seeking to employ them.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fnqN-1UaNI4C "Soviet ballistic missile defense and the Western alliance"], David Scott Yost. Harvard University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-674-82610-8, ISBN 978-0-674-82610-6. p. 58</ref>

 

He entered politics in 1951{{clarify|date=December 2012}} and became a member of parliament (the [[Soviet of the Union]] of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet]]) in 1974.<ref name=AC>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3-G3vi5av28C "A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine"], Francis Leroy. CRC Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8247-0876-8, ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4. p. 174-175</ref> Following [[U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]]'s speech on [[Strategic Defense Initiative|SDI]] in 1983, Basov signed a letter along with other Soviet scientists condemning the initiative, which was published in the New York Times.<ref name=TS>[http://books.google.com/books?id=J6cx2ZOixcYC "The strategic defence initiative: US policy and the Soviet Union"], Mira Duric. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0-7546-3733-6, ISBN 978-0-7546-3733-2. p. 43-45</ref> In 1985 he declared the Soviet Union was capable of matching SDI proposals made by the U.S.<ref name=TS />

{{clarify|date=December 2012}}

 

*N. G. Basov, K. A. Brueckner (Editor-in-Chief), S. W. Haan, C. Yamanaka. ''Inertial Confinement Fusion'', 1992, Research Trends in Physics Series published by the American Institute of Physics Press (presently [http://www.springer-sbm.de/index.php?id=121&L=0 Springer], New York). ISBN 0-88318-925-9.

*V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). ''Semiconductor Science and Technology'', Volume 1. [[Semiconductor]] [[Lasers]]. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-11-2.

*V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). ''Semiconductor Science and Technology'', Volume 2: [[Quantum Dots]] and [[Quantum Wells]]. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-12-0.

 

{{iw-ref|ru|Басов, Николай Геннадиевич}}

* [[Lenin Prize]] (1959)

* [[Order of the Patriotic War]], 2nd class

 

*[[Excimer laser]]

*[[Maser]]

*[[Lebedev Institute of Physics]]

 

 

*[http://novodevichye.com/basov/ Basov's grave]

*[http://www.nature.ru/db/msg.html?mid=1165378&s=120000000 Detailed biography] {{ru icon}}

*[http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1964/basov-bio.html Biography] from the ''[[Nobel Foundation]]''.

* [http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4495.html Oral History interview transcript with Nikolay Basov 14 September 1984, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives]